The role of women in Hamlet Essay Sample free essay sample

Shakespeare’s word picture of Gertrude and Ophelia inHamletis self-conflicting asit challenges each piece great as supplements the current cultural conventions and norms.Gertrude is the best delineation of this mystery that is showed through her remarkable control over all the significant characters ofHamlet. her impact in the court issues and area individual businesssand her visually impaired regard to Claudius. Ophelia is other than dynamic in her residential circle yet her contribution are limited to amative and conjugal maters just and they are farther coordinated by his male parent Polonius and brotherLaertes. She is a model of conventional women's activist looks of the age that require chastity. similarity and assurance of male dominancy from grown-up females. Gertrude impact is wide runing as it envelops the local each piece great as the region individual businesss. At the same time she shows the conduct that is in consonant rhyme with the cutting edge customary position. She has the abilityto catch. battle off. or on the other hand make things happen all of import male characters for her ain associations. Act 2. scene 2. obviously shows how Gertrude carries on authoritatively with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and with Polonius. This scene farther portrays her cooperation with Claudius and impact she has over Claudius. Be that as it may, she farther show the conduct chapeau is a manifestation of Elizabethan socio-social environmental factors and its qualities. She is compliant to Claudius when she consents to Claudius’ program to nail down Hamlet. ‘I will obey you. ’ ( 3. 1. 37 ) . Again in the pantry scene. she is in adjustment to Hamlet’s orders ; ‘What would it be a good idea for me to make? ’ sh e asks ( 3. 4. 181 ) . Besides. regardless of Gertrude’s traditionalist female biddable conduct. her unreasonable sexual orientation and desire makes him a non-conventional grown-up female. This likeness of Gertrude unmistakably challenges the cultural and moral standard of Elizabethan culture. Her sex is threatening for the two Hamlets. male parent and kid. who think of it as savage. extraordinary. what's more, corrupted: ‘Nay. be that as it may, to live/In the rank sweat of an enseamed bed. /Stewed in corruptness. honeying and doing cherish/Over the terrible sty’ ( 3. 4. 92- ­95 ) ; Again it is said ; ‘ So desire. in spite of the fact that to a radient blessed messenger connected. /Will satisfy itself in a magnificent bed What's more, feed on deny. ’ ( 1. 5. 55â ­-57 ) . These lines are non in conformance with the grown-up female picture of cutting edge society where woman’s abstinence was the principal status for her cultural affirmation. The connection of Hamlet and Gertrude is set apart with oedipal intensions. Hamlet is set in a situation his oblivious depraved airs are compared with the clear perverted relationship of Gertrude and Claudius who is another male parent figure to him. This connection and nearness of Oedipal sentiments plays an of import in modifying Hamlet’s conduct toward his female parent. Jones. 76-77 ) Gabrielle Dane ( 1998 ) composes. â€Å"Motherless and entirely surrounded by the work powers around her. Ophelia has been formed to adjust to outside requests. to reflect others’ desires† ( 406 ) . As opposed to this mentally sensible horrible judgment. this word picture of Ophelia is affected by the social custom of the male-prevailing Elizabethan culture. Ophelia is a run of the mill character that is a perfect representation of current society. She stays idle in the local and passionate circle. Ophelia has no uniqueness of her ain and all her residential and amative issues are coordinated by her male parent. Polonius attempts to way the life and demeanor of Ophelia fitting to his ain needs. He thinks about his wants as her wants and look to arrange her assault by grouped offices. So directly from the truly start. Ophelia is under the influence of Laertes and Polonius. So her character is in finished conformance with the customary estimations of that cut. Polonius ever reacts from a position of approval over Ophelia. focusing on his capacity as the leader for her. Both her male parent and sibling have a conscience relegated undertaking of guiding Ophelia how to move tolerably in each circle of her life. In spite of the fact that Shakespeare has described Ophelia as mediocre compared to male characters. be that as it may, word picture of Gertrude has twofold element. At some point it challenges the customs of the conventionalist society and at some point it itself become complies with the estimations of the general public by moving inactively. Notices Dane. Gabrielle. â€Å"Reading Ophelia’s Madness. †Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and Renaissance Studies10 ( 1998 ) : 405-23. Shakespeare. William.Hamlet. Washington Square Press: New York. 1992. Jones. Ernest.The Oedipus-Complex as an Explanation of Hamlet’s Mystery: A Study in Motive.The American Journal of Psychology. Vol. 21. No. 1 ( Jan. . 1910 ) . pp. 72-113

Mother’s day Free Essays

Much the same as consistently, the training week was commended in our school with extraordinary euphoria. As a major aspect of the week the mother’s day was commended. The subject is to feature the job of moms in the best possible childhood of youngsters. We will compose a custom article test on Mother’s day or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The mother can help shape the character of the youngster. The mother’s job in the improvement of the kid is of fluctuated nature. In addition to the fact that she should look to the physical development of the kid yet additionally to its psychological and otherworldly development. She makes and shapes the best possible condition where the kid can create. The habits and conduct of a youngster are just an impression of the home in which it has been raised. The point of the day was to make moms mindful of their place in the childhood of the kid. The Inspectress of schools managed the capacity. One of the Secretaries of the Mothers’ Association of the school invited the social event and presented the central visitor. A few speakers talked on the different parts of a mother’s job. One of the speakers talked about the healthful viewpoint. She stressed the requirement for giving a reasonable eating regimen to youngsters and on the strategies for planning healthy food at home. She addressed soundness of kids as being significant for a country all in all and worried on ecological tidiness. She saw that from a wellbeing perspective youngsters ought to be permitted to play unreservedly and the perils of living in packed zones. She needed the legislature to see to the adequacy of room for play in each school. One more speaker underscored the requirement for moral instruction where moms could assume a sign job. An inviting, cherishing and, friendly environment at home assists with forming the character of the kid. The main visitor communicated her delight at being available at the event and would attempt to help the school inside and out. She saw that moms could help in making the early afternoon feast conspire an incredible achievement. She requested that the moms supplement the work done at school. She underscored the importanceâ of a cheerful home in the forming of the character of youngsters. Step by step instructions to refer to Mother’s day, Papers Mother’s Day Free Essays In many nations, Mother’s Day is an ongoing recognition gotten from the occasion as it has developed in America. At the point when it was embraced by different nations and societies, it was given various implications, related to various occasions (strict, recorded or unbelievable), and celebrated in an alternate date or dates. A few nations previously had existing festivals respecting parenthood, and their festivals have embraced a few outer attributes from the US occasion, such as giving carnations and different presents to your own mom. We will compose a custom exposition test on Mother’s Day or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now The degree of the festivals fluctuates significantly. In certain nations, it is possibly hostile to one’s mother not to stamp Mother’s Day. In others, it is a little-realized celebration commended basically by settlers, or secured by the media as a sample of remote culture (look at the festivals of Diwali in the UK and the United States). n the Roman-Catholic Church, the occasion is unequivocally connected with reverencing the Virgin Mary. [25] In numerous catholic homes, families have an extraordinary sanctum dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. In numerous Eastern Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches, an exceptional petition administration is held out of appreciation for the Theotokos Virgin Mary. In Hindu convention it is called â€Å"Mata Tirtha Aunshi† or â€Å"Mother Pilgrimage fortnight†, and it is commended in nations with Hindu populace, particularly in Nepal. It is commended on the new moon day in the long stretch of Baisakh I. e. April/May. This occasion is situated in Hindu religion and it pre-dates the production of the Western-enlivened occasion by at any rate a couple of hundreds of years. [citation needed] Some Islamic researchers have distributed fatwas against devoting a solitary day to respect moms, which brings down regarding them all year as requested by the Quran. The most effective method to refer to Mother’s Day, Papers

What Would You Do If You Found $200 In An Old Book

What Would You Do If You Found $200 In An Old Book While  at The Friends of the Library book sale, I  spotted  a copy of Time and Again by Jack Finney, a  novel my friend Mike wanted. I grabbed it.  Flipping through the pages to check its condition,  I saw a $100 bill. I slammed  the book  shut, and looked around. Should I tell someone, I said to myself.  Then put the book  on the pile I was  buying.  Amused paranoia made me wonder if hidden cameras were watching.  Could I be  in an ABC-TV candid camera  sting to test people’s honesty? What were the  rules  for  this  situation?  Did they  have a copy of Ethics for Dummies over in the philosophy section? I did look, but no.  The room was huge and packed. I’m surprised no one saw me  spotting the money. As I browsed, I wondered, “Is the money mine or should I turn it in?” It seemed both lucky and unethical at the same time. Finally, I told myself, “Just decide when you get to checkout.” My unconscious mind could weigh the ethical  issues while I shopped. When toting up my haul at  checkout,  they didn’t even look inside. I could just walk  away with the book and money. But it didn’t feel right. Probably an old person  had  stashed their money in books, died, and their family hauled their  lifetime of reading  off to the library. The book was a donation, but  what about  the money? The money wasn’t intended for me, but it wasn’t intended for the charity either. I reached over and opened the book , revealing the greenback, “What do you do when this happens?”  I then realized  there were two $100 bills there. “Dang,” I  whined to myself,  â€œWhy am I  so honest!” If my unconscious had known it was $200, would it have made the same decision? The checkout lady looked dazed, even blown away. “I don’t know,” she said hesitantly,  then made a  decision, “This is a question for management!” She  hurried away. I  watched her talk with a group of the Friends for several minutes. They seemed surprised, too. I knew their answer, but what was their ethical considerations? She turned and came back over. “We’re going to keep the money,” she informed me. Regret showed in her face, but her voice was firm. “I understand,” I said, “It’s what I expected.” “But we’ll give you a free membership  to the Friends of the Library.”  She  led me back  to the women who had made the decision. They were all very thankful, and  told me  how honest I was. Was I just being a chump?  Was I being too honest? The checkout lady  whispered to all of us, “I don’t think  I would have told anybody.” “Does this happen a lot?” I  asked,  briefly gazing  into each of  their faces. “Sometimes,” replied the apparent  boss. “But we try to find the money before we put out the books.” “I wish an  old lady had found it,” I said, “One who had a utility bill overdue.” As I walked out of the library, I  imagined what I would  I do  with an extra  $200? I’m not hurting,  but $200 would have let me buy something extravagant for my budget. Like make an  iPad affordable,  or buy a copy of Arms of the Sun by Lady Dorothy Mills, a rare book priced beyond what I allow myself to spend. The reason I  revealed the dough  is  because I’d feel guilty. Since then,  I’ve been asking friends what they would have done. Some say they would have kept the $200, others said turn it in.  Some  claim the rule is finders keepers.  What about you? Would the ethical parameters been different if I found the money once I got home? What if I gave the book to Mike, and he discovered the $200? I’m sure he would have given it back to me. But if I can rational the money comes with the book, it would have been his. Would it be  ethically different if  I bought  the book  in a used  bookstore? What about a garage sale? If a bookstore sells you a rare $15,000 first edition for $2, is the situation different? There’s no telling how long that money has been in the book. The bills  were the old-style Franklins. I’ve stuck money in books before too. Could I have given any away? The Friends rewarded my honesty with a three-year membership â€" but charged me for my books â€" minus the 10% for being a new member. At least I got an essay out of the adventure. A good story is worth $200, don’t you think? Now I wish I had shouted out when I discovered the money, “Whoa! There’s money in these books!”

My Philosophy of Education Essay example - 770 Words

Philosophy of Education I decided to become a teacher because when I was growing up, I watched a lot of teachers that would never take time to help those that needed it. There were times I was one of those students. I also love to help people and make a difference in their life. Therefore, I want to become a teacher. One of the philosophies I will use is progressivism. John Dewey, who was a social reformer with a background in philosophy and psychology, thought through active interplay with others, activities have meanings for us. I agree with the fact that a lot more students learn more and better when they are actually doing what they are taught. I am going to have students learn through social†¦show more content†¦In my family I am the first one to go to college, so I have reached one of my goals in life. Now I am working on my second goal, which is to become a teacher. That is why I will push my students in setting their goals and meeting them, in the best way that I can. Another philosophy I will use in my classroom is behaviorism, which Harvard professor B. F. Skinner recommends, â€Å"moral standards derive from scientific observation of human behavior† I think that rewarding students for good behavior or good grades is really good for them. It will make them want to work harder in order to get the rewards. Using such things as giving them a reward for getting an A on a test, or being good all week without getting their name on the board. I will also reinforce behavior for example; if the whole class does well on the test I will give them extra time at recess. Addressing the classroom rules to the students so that they would know them and follow them. I will allow the students to learn at their own pace trying not to put a lot on them at one time. It is important to allow them to pick up on what is being taught so that they know and understand what they are learning. I see that a lot of times students are hurried trying t o learn a lot of material that they do not understand that well and the teacher would go and move on to the next subject without some of the students understanding what they are doing. Not realizingShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy On The Philosophy Of Education844 Words   |  4 PagesIn mathematics, as in life, everything must be brought to the simplest of terms. I base my teaching philosophy on the foundation that every student is capable of learning mathematics. I will strive, as a teacher, to ensure that my students are able to have a strong foundation of mathematical skills when they leave my classroom. Some students believe that they are not mathematically gifted; therefore, incapable of learning mathematics. I believe to the contrary, all students with motivation, sustainedRead MoreMy Philosophy On Philosophy Of Education852 Words   |  4 PagesMy Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education is founded on a belief that all students have a desire to learn and to feel accepted. Learning takes place when students are able to have their specific needs meet inside the classroom, to feel accepted in the environment, and find the learning to be meaningful. I believe that before learning can take place a proper educational environment must be present inside the classroom. In order to make any classroom work I believe you need meet three criteriaRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education As A Education864 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent philosophy of education, and what purpose education serves in a child’s life. The five philosophies of education that we recognize are: Essentialism, Perennialism, Progressivism, Social Reconstructionism, and Existentialism. I would most recognize my philosophy of education as Essentialism. Essentialism has been a dominant influence in American education since World War II. It focuses on core curriculum of traditional academic topics. I believe that the purpose of education is teachingRead MoreMy Philosophy of Education824 Words   |  4 Pages13 February 2011 My Philosophy of Education I believe that progressivism educational philosophy most closely matches my educational ideals. In my opinion based on the progressivism educational philosophy, the purpose of education is to enable students to learn useful knowledge that has meaning to them in the future. Thus, the most useful education for students is the skill of â€Å"learning how to learn†. When students understand the methodsRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education And Education1038 Words   |  5 PagesMy Philosophy of Education When trying coming up with a personal philosophy of education, I had to ask myself what the purpose of education is. To me, the purpose of education is to teach students knowledge that is needed to make it through school and to succeed in the world after graduation. Anyone can go into teaching, but not every teacher can teach. Teachers go above and beyond to introduce methods, philosophies, and strategies to help their students learn, as well as, retain the informationRead MoreMy Education Philosophy 1511 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Mission Statement Education is the imparting and acquiring of knowledge and skills through teaching and learning. As an educator, my personal mission statement is to master my subject area in order to serve as a role model for my students thereby producing students who thoroughly understand the subject matter, and who develop holistically. In order to achieve this goal I must have a set education philosophy with a strong Christian worldview. I must also have a general understanding of theRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1056 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy of Student Engagement My philosophy of education is that every child should receive high quality education that is inclusive, relevant and meaningful to their life. I am a firm believer of making pedagogy relatable to my students. My vision is driven by my personal experiences with the American school system. I was what is thought of as â€Å"A child at risk†. I am an immigrant, black, Muslim student. My life is transactional as I am a part of multiple marginalized groups. Most of my teachersRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education And Education864 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy of Education Children are the future and their education is the key to our society’s success. When considering this, I realize I have an immense responsibility as an educator. The main focuses of my teaching are active learning, building character within students, and providing meaningful curriculum. I want to create a comfortable setting where every student feels safe to learn. In many ways, my philosophy agrees with the holistic approach to education. I feel this challenges the studentRead MoreMy Philosophy on Education814 Words   |  3 PagesMy Philosophy of Education I think when I made the decision to become a teacher I was not thinking the seriousness of this decision. When we become teachers we also become the molder that will shape our student to be successful in life. But when you decide to become a teacher in a Christian school you are not only shaping this student to be successful in life but we are also shaping their Christian mind to do things with a feeling knowing that they are shape and where made by the image of GodRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Education1015 Words   |  5 Pagesimmediately sparked my interest in becoming an educator and share my personal beliefs on the important aspects of education. In addition to this, I will present various traits I believe are essential and critical for teachers to successfully fulfill their role as an educator. During my elementary years, I developed an urge to frequently ask many questions during the school day. Being able to question anything was astonishing to me. This was because my parents were unable to answer my questions and help

Symbolism And Symbolism Of Young Goodman Brown By...

When a writer wants to convey an idea or opinion on certain matters, especially for religion and other philosophical beliefs, he/she will tend to include a significant amount of symbolism in an allegorical story or another piece of written work. Because these writers are trying to put forth these ideas, they need to make a convincing, relatable, and entertaining story for these ideas to come to fruition. Allegory and symbolism work as part of the creative writing algorithm to add depth and make these stories as convincing, relatable, and entertaining as possible. In the given story of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorn, the author is putting forth his belief that the religious people of America are inherently fallible in their faith. Due to the natural curiosity and selfishness of the human being, one can be pushed over the edge when tempted with the â€Å"fruits† of knowledge. Since allegory and symbolism are simply part of the creative writing process, t o make the ideas of the story convincing, the author will use many instances of symbolism to make the overarching idea of the story hit home. The uses of symbolism must also be relevant and accommodate to the meaning of the story. Because Hawthorn is trying to convey the â€Å"Fall of Man† point of view to the story and feeling he has towards American religion as a whole. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, he inserts several uses of symbolism that complement the overarching theme. Such an insertion would be the woods in the story.Show MoreRelatedThe Use of Color Symbolism by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesIs it possible for an author to utilize so much symbolism that it captivates the reader to the extent of paralleling the tale with their own life? The principle of symbolism is quite evident in the story by Nathaniel Hawthorne, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. Nathaniel Hawthorn’s work is immersed with symbolism with most of it deriving fro m his Puritan beliefs. The themes of sin, guilt, innocence, and lust come forth through the uses of color symbolism as well as visual clues. All of these things areRead MoreWhen Protestants Enter the Woods in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown508 Words   |  2 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s short story Young Goodman Brown uses the gothic setting of the woods to set up the imagery and themes that portray Protestant life in Salem Massachusetts. This starts as Goodman Brown leaves the safety of his village to go in to the dark forest in a journey that will open his eyes to the evil of protestant life and cause him to alienate him self from the people around him. The deep symbolism of this story shows the darkness and fear hidden in the minds of protestants that hauntsRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown 1175 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 1101 7 July 2017 Symbolism in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, and was set during the 17th Century Puritan Era. The story was published in 1835 during the Romantic Era. Nathaniel Hawthorne was known for being the master of symbolism. His novels and short stories have been embedded with suggestion and imagination. The dense symbolism that Hawthorne writes could imply multiple interpretations. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† has quite a few themesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Short Story Young Goodman Brown 995 Words   |  4 Pagescoexisting with many different diversities. In the short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† Hawthorn uses symbolism to show the struggle of keeping faith in the face of sin with the character’s names, the path through the woods, and the final ritual. One of the biggest use of symbolism that Nathaniel Hawthorne uses in this story is the character’s names, the ones I am going to discuss are Faith and Goodman Brown. â€Å"But where is Faith?† Thought Goodman Brown; and, as hope came into his heart, he trembled† (HawthorneRead MoreNathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown1063 Words   |  5 PagesIt seems necessary to write down some lines about the author. Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts. Because of the involvement of his ancestor in the Salem witch trials , Nathaniel later added a w to make his name Hawthorne in order to hide this relation. He entered Bowdoin College in 1821, and graduated in 1825. Hawthorne published his first work, Fanshawe, in 1828. He published several short stories after that which he collected in 1837 as Twice-Told Tales. His masterpieceRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Lottery By Shirley Jackson1012 Words   |  5 Pages Fiction Essay Young Goodman Brown vs. The Lottery Authors: Nathaniel Hawthrone and Shirley Jackson ENGL 102 Spring Zuidema October 16, 2017 Page Break Nyasia Midgette ENGL 102 October 9, 2017 Thesis Statement: The Lottery by Shirley Jackson and Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthrone stories, Shirley Jackson encourages her readers to question their beliefs, actions, and the world by creating struggle. PageRead MoreScarlet Letter Symbolism Essay982 Words   |  4 PagesThe Significance of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a gothic satire of the puritan beliefs and value. Nathaniel Hawthorn of a puritan based background wrote various harsh satires such as Young Goodman Brown, and The Scarlet Letter, all based on his ancestral history. Furthermore, in his satires, they all shared a common point in structure and his use of symbolism to develop meaning for his works. With the use of symbolism, Hawthorne is efficientlyRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown1150 Words   |  5 PagesIn this extract from â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses symbolism, imagery and point of view to depict Goodman Brown’s eventual journey from naivety in man’s purity of faith to recognition of man’s disposition to evil. It reveals Brown’s misplaced faith in man, who is deficient, instead of God. In the dialogue that ensues between the minister and Deacon Gookin, we learn of an impending meeting expecting participants hailing from â€Å"Falmouth and beyond... Indian powows† (HawthorneRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Young Goodman Brown and the Lottery925 Words   |  4 PagesComparing and Contrasting â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Lottery† By: Wayne Gillard II Professor C. Givens ENGL 102-B19 Wayne Gillard Prof. Givens ENGL 102-B19 Essay 1 Outline Thesis: The literary works of â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† both appear to show the fallibleness of human behavior and judgment. I. Introduction/Statement of Thesis II. Themes and Author’s Purpose a. The Lottery i. The hazards of following tradition or living according toRead MoreYoung Goodman Brown1144 Words   |  5 PagesIn this extract from â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses symbolism, imagery and point of view to depict Goodman Brown’s eventual journey from naivety in man’s purity of faith to recognition of man’s disposition to evil. It reveals Brown’s misplaced faith in man, who is deficient, instead of God. In the dialogue that ensues between the minister and Deacon Gookin, we learn of an impending meeting expecting participants hailing from â€Å"Falmouth and beyond... Indian powows† (Hawthorne

How do feminists explain inequality between the sexes and how do they seek to remedy it Free Essays

Feminism is the only ideology that believes that gender is a form of discrimination, if not the strongest of social boundaries compared to race, status, and nationality. For this reason feminists focus on gender inequality and the specific roles that men and woman lead in every day life as a result of gender discrimination. Feminism can be traced back to 1405 in the book by Christine de Pisan’s â€Å"Book of the City of Ladies†. We will write a custom essay sample on How do feminists explain inequality between the sexes and how do they seek to remedy it? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This book contained the basic skeleton of thought that is present in modern day feminism, as it celebrates and highlights women and their contribution through out history, similar to cultural feminism. This clearly shows that from long ago there has always been a demand for equal rights between the sexes. In the last century many schools of feminist thought have emerged as a result of this question of equality and many different remedies have also come as result. Today feminism is an ideology that has a very broad horizon, which is only normal for an area as vast and amorphous as gender. Liberal feminism emerged in the 1850’s and was the school of thought that dominated first wave feminism. Liberal feminism is the belief that focussed on woman enjoying the same rights as men, and for this reason first wave feminism focussed on the public sphere of politics. Liberal feminists believed that the problem was in the political sphere of life, as woman at the time were literally not allowed in the public sphere of life. The British suffrage movement lead by mother and daughter Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst in the 1903 organised many forms of protest that were aimed at achieving the goal of the female vote. The feminists at the time thought that gaining the vote would be the most important right that women needed, and as a result the other gender divides in society would disappear. For this reason it is understandable to see why feminists at the time thought gaining the vote would solve inequality between the sexes as the external rights would affect everyday life, and internal affairs. Legislation was the only way that woman could gain the vote, and bring equality. Once the bill had been passed than it would be the responsibility of the ruling body to implement and protect that laws and this would mean woman having the same protected rights as men, or so they thought so. The methods that the suffragettes used to achieve this ranged from handing out leaflets, chaining themselves to property, and even to the use of hunger strikes. These methods no doubt gained media attention, but not necessarily positive media attention. However these forms of protests did increase awareness among other woman, and also inspired others to join the movement as well. The movement grew through out the 19th century, and had the clear focus of gaining the vote. Despite woman’s obvious contribution to society it was only until the start if the First World War when they could prove they were just as capable as men were. When the war was over and won in 1918, woman over the age of thirty were given the right to vote in 1920. This right to vote was given for many reasons, woman had proved that they could do the men’s jobs, and were just as capable. Also the government realised that as growing power in the world, the British workforce would be stronger if women were a part of the workforce as well. The voting franchise was further extended to woman aged 18 in 1928. The goal of first wave feminism had been achieved, woman had the vote and but this caused the movement lose the impetus. But it was clear that inequality still remained between the sexes, gaining the female vote had raised the political status of women slightly, but failed to achieve the original goal of bringing equality between the sexes. . The feminist movement did not stop here, but instead the opposite happened, feminists had to look at the bigger picture and not just rely on one piece of legislation to solve inequality. Where did inequality start? How is it maintained? But mostly, if gaining the vote didn’t end equality than what would? These questions were the main focus of second wave feminism, which emerged decades later in the 60’s. Second wave feminism aimed at achieving the goals that first wave feminism failed to achieve, and for this reason the movement this time was dominated by a more contemporary approach, radical feminism. In 1963 Betty Frieden wrote â€Å"The feminine mystique†, and the first chapter was called â€Å"The Problem With No Name†. This problem was what most women were going through at the time. Trying to live up to the perfect images of a housewife, but at the same time feeling empty and not knowing their true identity. The problem with no name took the idea of true liberation for woman. If woman were liberated in their personal lives, and then this in turn would liberate in the public sphere. Betty Frieden stressed on the message that women should not coup themselves up at home, and should broaden their horizons through striving for true liberation. Radical feminists like Kate Millett took this new perspective of focussing on woman’s everyday lives further, when the concept of patriarchy was discussed in her book â€Å"Sexual Politics† written in 1969. Patriarchy literally means rule by the father, but feminists use this term to describe men’s general dominance in society. Radical feminists believe that patriarchy is how men maintain the position over women in society. When looking at patriarchy radical feminists like to focus on everyday relationships between men and women. For example when a woman irons her husband’s clothes, this can show how men for their own benefit use women and also how woman are confined to the house. It also shows that patriarchy starts from the home, and is built in the family structure â€Å"rule by the father†. Women are socialised into believing that they are inferior to men, they are socialised to be weak, and as Simone de Beauvoir said â€Å"Woman are not born they are made†. Thus the only way to get rid of patriarchy is summarised in the statement â€Å"The personal is the political†, meaning woman should liberate themselves in their personal lives as well. Gaining the vote didn’t bring equality, because patriarchy starts from the family (the heart of society), patriarchy is maintained through socialisation, and patriarchy in turn shapes society. The radical feminist Shulasmith Firestone looks at how women are biologically weaker than men, and how this makes it possible for men to dominate women. She argues that woman have the ability to have babies, this links to menstruation, breast- feeding, and childbirth, which are all disadvantages as they limit what a woman can do in her life. These biological characteristics also take away large amounts of freedom from women. One of the reasons why woman are mostly in low paid, part time work, is because they have other commitments at home. Most of the high well-paid jobs, are dominated by men, this may be because of the gaps in employment that woman take when pregnant and so fail to get promoted. Her solution to this is to defy women’s nature with the aid of modern technology. Ideally women should have complete control over their ability to give birth and this will mean that children will be born outside the womb. However women taking control of their biology will only be the first step towards women being completely in control of every aspect if their lives. Radical feminism goes against Liberal feminism in one way, liberal feminists believe that the state and legislation is the solution to gaining equality. However radical feminists believe that the state is used as a tool that keeps women in an inferior position in society. Radical feminism also believes in the concept of sisterhood, and this is shown through how Shulasmith Firestone, stresses that the biological family is present in all societies. Showing that all women are suffering, and weak as a result of their biology. This is why radical feminists believe that woman should all be united in their struggle, against men, and towards true liberation. Sisterhood is important to radical feminists, as it strengthens the movement, and woman will be able to seek strength in each other rather than rely on men. The other schools of feminists thought that have come about after the 60’s is Marxist feminism, which focuses on how woman are abused by the capitalist system. Marxists feminists like Sue Sharpe states that women are used as a surplus labour force ready for to be used and disposed of easily. Also that women are drained of their energy and time, through maintaining the present workforce (their husbands), and also at the same time rearing the future workforce (their children). Marxist feminists stress on how woman are used and abused in both the home and the workplace, and men dominate both environments. Another school of feminist thought is ecofeminism, which looks at the link between nature and females. Ecofeminists like Van Plumwood believe that the world would be a better place if women were in charge. The reason for this is that woman innately are more caring than men, they have they ability to raise children and nurture human life. Ecofeminists also focus on the state of the world today, pollution, global warming, the dumping of toxic wastes, and other environmental issues. But some feminists argue that this form of feminism is reactionary, meaning that it takes woman backwards away from progress, as it is taking the female role back to biology. This is similar to pro-womnism that also focuses on the positive side about women’s role to reproduce. These two schools of thought would clash with radical feminist who believe that women are handicapped due to their nature. Black feminism is a school of feminist thought, which mixes race with gender. It is the argument that white woman dominates the feminist movement and political scene mainly. This may be true as it was the middle class women, that had the time and the money to involve themselves in politics, and they were usually white. New feminism can be viewed as the third wave of feminism but it hasn’t really come crashing like the other two previous waves. Maybe because the movement has passed its use but feminists would argue that the movement still has its aims. New feminism believes in breaking the link between the personal and the political hence â€Å"the personal is less political†. This has been done because many women are put off by the obtrusive nature of the slogan. The statement shows that new feminism is trying to make women more comfortable with being feminists. This is ideal for women who do not want the their public life to mix with their private life. New feminism also looks at issues like abortion, pornography, which are controversial and affect woman greatly. This shows that it is not the end of the line for feminism because women constantly face new problems in a modern growing society, and need organisations that will help them. The feminist movement has changed greatly through out the past century, and no doubt a great deal has been achieved. Feminism by having these different stages has shown the world that it is almost evolutionary, and will be around for a longer time. Organisations like NOW are one of the biggest in America, and lobby a vast range of issues concerning women. Women today are still benefiting from the work of the past feminists, in areas of education, work, and politics. Overall the feminist movement has been a success, a remedy for true equality and liberation may not of been found yet. But instead many have been put forward, which have caused women to think further and also think for the future of â€Å"personkind† as well. How to cite How do feminists explain inequality between the sexes and how do they seek to remedy it?, Papers

The Impact of the Institute of Medicine Report free essay sample

The impact of The Institute of Medicine Report (IOM) 2010 has a major influence on nursing education. The first issue addressed in the report is an increased emphasis on public and community nursing. In the past, only nurses holding a bachelors degree were experienced and trained in community and public health, and the IOM wants to change that. One particular area of change is that now associate degree nurses are being trained in these areas in order be able to transition into these fields more smoothly and directly from nursing school. Another area that is addressed in this report is to increase the number of BSN degree nurses to 80% of all nurses by the year 2020. There are many reasons that this would benefit nurses and patients alike. Overall, nurses with higher degrees have a stronger foundation in their knowledge. Also, studies have also shown that they adapt to changes in the ever changing healthcare system, much better. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of the Institute of Medicine Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A number of hospitals, especially teaching hospitals, prefer BSN to ADN. Teaching hospitals have a goal of at least 90% of their nursing staff to be bachelor degree nurses. Thus, more education will only help a nurse to obtain and retain employment and give him/her the tools needed to more capably care for their patients. The American Association of Nurses stated, The need to increase the number of BSN prepared nurses will deliver safer and more effective care. As the baby-boomers get older and sicker, the care that nurses offer is becoming more complex, thus requiring nurses to have excellent critical thinking skills, in hospitals and clinics alike. However, in order for more nurses to become bachelorette licensed, a number of things must take place. First, nurses need to step up to the plate and take the initiative to go back to school and continue their education. Secondly, employers need to make continuing education 2 ore appealing to theiremployees, possibly by offering higher tuition reimbursement, incentives for obtaining a BSN, and onsite classes. Therefore, in my opinion, nurses that have a higher education, will also have a broader range of skills, such as; more comprehensive critical thinking skills, leadership skills, management experience, and research tools. Ultimately, it is up to each and every nurse, to make the choice to apply themselves, and go after a higher education. The next area of great concern is the nurses role as a leader. Improved and concise leadership will be a necessity, in order to fulfill the growing number and needs of patients, and the ever changing healthcare system. According to the IOM report, Strong leadership is required, to realize the vision of a transformed health care system. This can be achieved by a close evaluation of the system as a whole, and looking at nursing specifically. Also, ongoing reform of the healthcare and nursing system will need to be a priority. Advocacy from nurses and organizations alike is a key factor in making this work. Lastly, implementing the above area is critical to making the entire program work as a whole. Another area that holds priority in nurses as leaders is research. Research is a very important part of leadership, in relation to research that is applied to practice and policies. This can be done with reform and experience, and needs to be developed and shaped by nurses with years of experience, and by nurses that belong to committees and advocacy groups that have strong beliefs in changing nursing and the healthcare system for the better. One other area that needs to be addressed in order for nurses to become strong leaders is competencies. First, the entire multi-disciplinary team of nurses, 3 doctors, pharmacy, physical therapy, etc. , need to work together as a true team and collaborate for the patients’ best interest, best outcome, and overall health. This can be achieved, according to the American association of colleges of nursing, by having a generalized set, as well as a distinct set, of competencies. Having generalized competencies will be helpful in creating a strong foundation for all nurses to have the same basic skills. The distinct set of competencies will be more geared towards specific areas of nursing in order for nurses to be experts in their specific field of nursing. In conclusion, leadership in nursing can be achieved by evaluating the nursing practice as a whole and by making changes when necessary. Also, nurses continuing to be on the frontline of research is key to maintaining leadership. Lastly, by making sure that nurses collaborate well within the multidisciplinary team, in order to provide the best patient care possible. The last area that needs to be addressed is the portion of the IOM report that discusses the impact of nursing practice, particularly primary care. The American Association of Colleges of Nurses defines standards of practice as an outline to better guide nurses skills, judgment, knowledge, and attitudes, in order for nurses to practice cautiously and safely. (AACN 2010). Therefore we as nurses need to maintain the high level of practice that we took an oath to, upon graduating nursing school. One of the first areas that nurses can be invaluable in the community and in primary care is to be an advocate for education related to diseases and the disease process. By educating our patients upon discharge, at a level that they fully understand, will help the patient to be healthier, feel better, live longer, and prevent hospital re-admission. By educating our patients about chronic diseases such as congestive heart failure and diabetes, our patients will benefit overall and the hospital will also be able to decrease the number of re-admissions. I believe that each and every patient that becomes admitted to a hospital, nursing home, rehab, or any other facility, deserves individualized care, that is specific to them and them alone, not the cookie-cutter approach so many of us nurses have become accustomed to in the years we have worked in these settings. I will work to change and improve my nursing practice to meet the IOM’s requirements by refining my patient education. I plan to accomplish this by meeting with my manager to implement a new and improved discharge education plan that will be specific to each patients needs and at a level that my patients can comprehend. In conclusion, I believe that The Institute of Medicine Report (IOM) 2010 is a well written and well thought out, report that needs to be achieved in order for our patients to receive the best possible nursing care available to them, and for nurses to be able to practice to their full potential. The biggest barrier in the above mentioned areas of change; education, leadership, and nursing practice, is government regulation. Education requirements vary from state to state and even from one nursing school to another. This needs to be rectified, and a general set of standards needs to be put into place for all states, in order for nurses graduating from nursing schools and going out into the workforce, to achieve these goals smoothly. Also, a general set of competencies needs to be agreed upon so that ADN nurses can seamlessly transition to a BSN degree. As for leadership, the same challenge faces each state as to what the definition of a nursing leader is. A clear and concise plan needs to be in place to promote nurses into leadership positions. Lastly, the federal trade commission, the board of nursing, congress, the AACN, and other advocates and committees, need to determine national standards for nursing education, nursing leadership and nursing scope of practice, and clear up the state by state regulatory differences.

Free Essays on Macbeths Free Will

In Macbeth, the witches prophecies seem to negate Macbeth’s free will. However, at some instances, Macbeth willfully chooses evil over good. The witches prophesies that Macbeth will be thane of Cawdor and King of Scotland. The idea of being King of Scotland soon comes to rule Macbeth’s thoughts and life. He could just let fate happen, but instead he willingly takes fate into his own hands. Lady Macbeth talks her husband into killing Duncan, the King of Scotland. Macbeth could have said no, which he did at first, but eventually he gives in and consents. He murdered Duncan while he was sleeping in Macbeth’s own house. The next morning when the people find out, Macbeth has the guards killed, for not watching over the King very well. He knows that it’s not the guard’s faults, yet he willingly has them killed. He got Duncan out of his way and Malcolm flees to England, so no one is standing in the way, and Macbeth becomes King of Scotland. Later on in the play, Banquo and Fleance become suspicious of Macbeth. So Macbeth hires men to murder both Banquo and Fleance. Banquo is killed, but Fleance is able to escape. Once Banquo is out of the way, Macbeth finds out that Macduff has gone to England to find Malcolm. Malcolm is the rightful heir to the throne and if he comes back he could overthrow Macbeth. So now Macbeth has the murderers go to Macdu ff’s house. They kill Macduff’s wife, and sons, as well as anyone else in the house. Many people died because Macbeth chose evil over good. Macbeth did not have to kill anyone, or do anything to become King. If he had let fate happen, he eventually may have become King. This all started with the killing of Duncan and it progresses from there. Macbeths’ evil side comes out and he does kill anyone and everyone who gets in his way.... Free Essays on Macbeth's Free Will Free Essays on Macbeth's Free Will In Macbeth, the witches prophecies seem to negate Macbeth’s free will. However, at some instances, Macbeth willfully chooses evil over good. The witches prophesies that Macbeth will be thane of Cawdor and King of Scotland. The idea of being King of Scotland soon comes to rule Macbeth’s thoughts and life. He could just let fate happen, but instead he willingly takes fate into his own hands. Lady Macbeth talks her husband into killing Duncan, the King of Scotland. Macbeth could have said no, which he did at first, but eventually he gives in and consents. He murdered Duncan while he was sleeping in Macbeth’s own house. The next morning when the people find out, Macbeth has the guards killed, for not watching over the King very well. He knows that it’s not the guard’s faults, yet he willingly has them killed. He got Duncan out of his way and Malcolm flees to England, so no one is standing in the way, and Macbeth becomes King of Scotland. Later on in the play, Banquo and Fleance become suspicious of Macbeth. So Macbeth hires men to murder both Banquo and Fleance. Banquo is killed, but Fleance is able to escape. Once Banquo is out of the way, Macbeth finds out that Macduff has gone to England to find Malcolm. Malcolm is the rightful heir to the throne and if he comes back he could overthrow Macbeth. So now Macbeth has the murderers go to Macdu ff’s house. They kill Macduff’s wife, and sons, as well as anyone else in the house. Many people died because Macbeth chose evil over good. Macbeth did not have to kill anyone, or do anything to become King. If he had let fate happen, he eventually may have become King. This all started with the killing of Duncan and it progresses from there. Macbeths’ evil side comes out and he does kill anyone and everyone who gets in his way....

Flight Feathers - The Flight Feathers of Birds

Flight Feathers - The Flight Feathers of Birds Feathers are a unique characteristic of birds and are a key requirement for flight. Feathers are arranged in a precise pattern over the wing. When the bird takes to the air, its wing feathers spread to create an aerodynamic surface. When the bird lands, feathers are flexible enough in their arrangement to enable the wing to fold neatly against the birds body without bending or damaging the flight feathers. Flight Feathers The following feathers make up the typical birds wing: Primaries: Elongated flight feathers that grow out from the end of the wings (the hand area of the wing). Birds typically have 9-10 primaries.Secondaries: Long flight feathers positioned just behind the primaries and grow out from the forearm area of the wing. Many birds have six secondary feathers.Tertials: Three flight feathers that are closest to the birds body along the wing, located next to the secondaries.Remiges: A term used to refer to primaries, secondaries, and tertials together.Greater primary coverts: Feathers that overlap the base of the primaries.Greater secondary coverts: Feathers that overlap the base of the secondaries.Median secondary coverts: Feathers that overlap the base of the greater secondary coverts.Lesser secondary coverts: Feathers that overlap the base of the median secondary coverts.Alula: The feathers that grow from the thumb area of the wing on the leading edge of the wing.Primary projection: The section of the primaries that, when the wing is folded, p roject beyond the tips of the tertials and sit at an angle towards the tail. Underwing coverts: Located on the underside of the wing, underwing coverts create a lining at the base of the flight feathers.Auxiliaries: Also located on the underside of the wing, the auxiliaries cover the armpit area of the birds wing, smoothing the area where the wing meets the body. Reference Sibley, D.A. 2002. Sibleys Birding Basics. New York: Alfred A. Knopf

Healthcare Programs Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Healthcare Programs - Article Example The Commission provided recommendations that these differences in the healthcare costs should be reduced by creating policies which would employ the same amount of payment for utilization of healthcare services in the hospital as well as in the private offices of the doctors (Pear 2013). The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission is comprised of 17 members who reached to a consensus that alterations should be made to the current Medicare payment plans. This was in line with the fact that costs that have to be currently paid by Medicare to a doctor in his office for a visit of minutes is fifty dollars whereas this cost is increased to almost ninety nine dollars in the hospital outpatient department. Not only this, the price that has to be paid by the patient also increases from fourteen and a half dollars in the doctor’s office to approximately twenty five dollars in the outpatient department. This is also true of medical tests for which Medicare as well as the patient has to pay higher costs in the hospitals in comparison to the physicians’ offices. ... The article also explains that the Medicare Program has promoted the combined working of the hospitals and private offices of doctors for cutting down the costs. It is also indicated that this decision is not being welcomed by hospitals. Joanna Kim who is the vice president of the American Hospital Association has expressed her opinion by saying that these decisions would affect the functioning of the hospitals as they are already paid less by Medicare and such stands would affect the operations of the hospitals. Despite of this, the committee recommends that measures should be taken to reduce the burden on the healthcare programs for the betterment of the government as well as the common man. The article provides suggestions of reforms for the healthcare sector and it explains of ways in which the total expenditure that is provided by the healthcare programs for the people is reduced for cost affectivity. This saved money can be employed for other benefits for the customers and used for providing better healthcare services and options rather than paying a greater sum of money for services which can be availed at lower costs. The article sheds light on the fact that laws should be implemented for regulating the costs that are paid to the hospitals for the improvement of the healthcare sector. The business community should learn from such recommendations provided by experts and employers should opt for the best insurance policies for their employees which are cost effective. Healthcare programs which mainly provide cover for visits to doctors in private offices and tests in these setups should be opted for. This is because these would prove to be cheaper in terms of cost. The

Reaserch Paper on Othello the Moor of Venice, as a tragedy Research

Reaserch on Othello the Moor of Venice, as a tragedy - Research Paper Example Aristotle’s concept of tragedy is based on a sum total of a few essential fundamentals that are a complex plot with a suitable beginning middle and the end, organic unity, appropriate length, the unities of time and place, apt relationship between the character and plot, goodness, consistency of characterization, hamartia, peripity, anagnorisis or discovery, feelings of pity and fear and catharsis.1 Based on the parameters as established by Aristotle for a worthy tragedy, William Shakespeare’s Othello, the Moor of Venice is an ideal Aristotelian tragedy. Othello is a specific tragedy of passion and to label it as an Aristotelian tragedy is certainly appropriate. Of all Shakespeare’s tragedies, Othello is the most painfully exciting and the most terrible. As one goes through it, one experiences the extremes of the feelings of pity, fear, sympathy, disgust, sickening hope and dreadful expectation. Outline I. Introduction A. Cursory analysis of Othello B. Aristotle parameters for a tragedy and a â€Å"tragic hero† II. Body A. Tragedy and plot B. Attributes of a â€Å"tragic hero† as per Aristotle B. Catharsis and tragedy III. Conclusion A. Othello, the Moor of Venice satisfies all attributes of a tragedy enunciated by Aristotle Essay Introduction Othello, the Moor of Venice, could and should essentially be classified as a typical Aristotelian tragedy and Othello is the most worthy tragic hero of Shakespeare who satisfies almost all the credentials of a tragic hero as evinced by Aristotle. As one goes through the play Othello, one experiences the extremes of the feelings of pity, fear, sympathy, disgust, sickening hope and a dreadful expectation.2 Evil is displaced before the reader in such a way that one simply watches its progress in an awed and fascinated manner. A lot of factors contribute to the exciting and painful impact of this play as the conflict in Othello’s mind, the ensuing sexual jealousy, Desdemona’s h umiliation and murder, the accompanying intrigue and so much.3 Besides, the role played by ‘accident’ in Othello produces not only a strong sense of the working of fate, but makes the play more terrible. In Othello, so many things happen by chance to aid Iago’s plot that one feels that his victims are also the victims of fate. Then there is the little comic relief in the guise of Iago’s humor, which is most of the times grim rather than amusing. In the context of the tragedy and a tragic hero, Aristotle in his work Poetics elucidated on some specific requirements as to the nature and form of plot and the qualities of a tragic hero. It will be really interesting to gauge Othello, the Moore of Venice, on the parameters set by Aristotle as to establish that it is a worthy tragedy with a suitable tragic hero. Plot In the context of a tragedy, Aristotle stresses the primacy of plot.4 He begins his ranking of the six parts of the tragedy with the assertion that â€Å"The most important of these parts is the arrangement of incidents, for tragedy is not an imitation of a man, per se, but of human action and life and happiness and misery.†5 Aristotle further reinforces the need for the right plot by declaring the human life to be a process. Aristotle holds that the human life is constantly changing and the changes that a man experiences tend towards happiness or unhappiness. Thus a tragedy is not possible

Intimate Encounter Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

Intimate Encounter I needed a weekend away from the all too humdrum existence of day-to-day living. I decided that a good diversion might be to hike the Appalachian Trail for a weekend. After class on Friday, I ran to my car so that I could begin this wonderful divergence from daily life. The parking lot at Carver’s Gap, my destination, finally came into view as I drove up US 19E. Across the road, a short wooden fence separated me from my wonderful weekend of adventure. From the second I reached the parking lot, I realized that this hike, a great way to escape from reality for a weekend, awaited me upon the trail I saw dwindling in the distance. Due to my college freshman regimen of a bad diet and no exercise, the first bald I climbed winded me. At the summit of this little hill, however, a great vista gently caressed my eyes, as the natural beauty of Tennessee flowed over me. Verdant hills broiled before me, bubbling away into the distance to pop upon the backs of monstrous mountains. The sweet aroma of the few vibrant flowers on the flat plateau, and the intoxicating sensation of the breeze pawing at my hair, made the scene picturesque and serene. After gaping in awe for several minute, I turned my back from one beautiful landscape only to find my self at another. The harsh winds of the balds blew around me as I came upon the testaments of the winds power. The tree line appeared as a mass of gnarled, knotted, dead looking trees, the guardians of the forest. The harsh winds had over the years, deformed the trees here at the barrier between the lush forests and the vast plateau behind me. The path wound through the gnarled guardians and the true beauty of my hike soon greeted me. The lush, vibrant fall colors on th... ... as my hike the day before had. The secluded intimacy of the forest stunned my sense and made me feel as if I were apart of a land no man had before seen. As I passed the guardians of the forest, those gnarled, knotted, crooked trees overlooking the balds, I bid them farewell and a thank you also, for protecting the secluded interior forest from the harsh winds of the balds. My car squatted in the parking lot like a bug on a blackened, cooled, lava flow. I dreaded going back to my normal life after enjoying a weekend of such freedom and pleasure. Duties and obligations began to flitter though my mind as I once again began to think like an insect in a hive. I looked back over my shoulder, fondly remembering the freedom the wonderful weekend blessed me with, and vowed that I would once again return to experience the pleasure and seclusion that lay hidden therein.

Measuring academic proficiency under the NCLB.

The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act was designed to close the achievement gap between high and low performing children, especially the achievement gap between minority and non-minority students and between disadvantaged children and their more advantaged peers (NCLB, 2001). The key components of the act are the adequate yearly programs (AYP), and the annual measurable objectives (AMO). The AYP is the working principle of the act and it is seen as the mechanism for which all schools and all students meet the same academic standards in reading and mathematics by school year 2013-2014. The AMO indicates the performance of the school in terms of proficiency in reading and mathematics tests. Moreover, the law identifies student subgroups like economically disadvantaged students, students form major racial and ethnic groups, students with disabilities and students with limited English proficiency. The law also specifically requires that 95% of the total number of students in a school and 95% of each subgroup to take the reading and math standardized tests, while the state is tasked to determine its own AMO targets and the minimum number of students in each subgroup who are required to meet or surpass the AMO targets (NCLB, 2001). The AYP requirements apply to Title 1 and non-title 1 school that receive federal funding. Schools that do not reach AYP for two or more years will be labeled as in need of improvement and are sanctioned. The NCLB employs a conjunctive accountability system wherein each subgroup of students are required to reach the minimum levels of proficiency in math and reading regardless of their previous proficiency levels, thus within 12 years, all students should reach 100% proficiency. NCLB is based on the idea that high expectations for achievement would result to higher actual achievement levels. By requiring each school to reach a uniform level of proficiency  would mean that in a given period, all schools and all students would have mastered the same skills and learned the same knowledge in reading and mathematics. The NCLB measures progress through a single mean proficiency score across levels and subgroup.   However, this frame of mind does not consider the diversity of American students and their backgrounds. For example, requiring each subgroup to meet the minimum mean proficiency score would ensure that the school would not reach the AYP. Using a single mean proficiency score to measure performance is not a true measure of school improvement nor student performance. Although, NCLB have positive visions, its method of attaining its objectives undermines what it is supposed to do. The law treats each school and each student as a single and uniform entity when our society is composed of different races and backgrounds, not even taking into account the difference between the rich and the poor. Even if the law identified the subgroup of students, it still however assess each group in terms of the single mean proficiency score which is the same as implementing a one size fits all policy. The problem with NCLB is that it asks schools to be assessed against a single mean proficiency score, wherein if a school fails to reach this score, would indicate that the school is not performing as it should be in accordance with federal and state rules. The use of a single mean proficiency score says that each school is treated as equals, however the reality is differences in each school is present. For example, different districts cater to different students and since education have been the purview of the state; they have also different standards on accountability and accreditation. The schools seek to attain the level of performance required by the state and in cases where measures of school performance differ from the NCLB would say that schools are making progress in the state level but is not up to standard in the national level. Students also would be burdened by being pitted against a single score that may or may not be realistically attainable, and if they fail to reach the mark they would have caused the failure of the entire school. Another problem with the NCLB is that by identifying subgroup of students and requiring them to achieve the mean proficiency score puts them in a bind. The subgroups identified by the law in some cases could be an unnecessary repetition of the groups, for example most Blacks and Latinos are economically disadvantaged, and that most of these groups also have lower mean proficiency scores. Thus if a school is composed of many poor students, of different racial groups, of students with limited English proficiency, then this school will surely not reach that mean proficiency score. The NCLB is not friendly to racial groups, economically disadvantaged children, children with disabilities and children with limited English proficiency. It is common knowledge and even supported by statistics that those who are identified as economically disadvantaged are those who belong to a minority racial group. In which case they will be asked to reach the same proficiency score twice, then they will be labeled as under performing and the school as needing improvement. It will compromise what the students have accomplished in a school year, because failing to reach the mark is not equal to no improvement or no learning. As for the parents, they would probably think that NCLB is good for their children as it ensures equality between groups in terms of academic achievement. However, if their state certifies that their children are performing to expectations like in Virginia and California, but the federal government says otherwise would saw confusion and distraught among parents. Schools and districts complain that using a single mean proficiency score to measure performance is not realistic and appropriate. It does not take into consideration that high-poverty schools have students with less academic preparation than those with low-poverty schools. Moreover, by using a system of conjunctive accountability dooms schools from reaching AYP. The short term effects of NCLB on low-income students and of color is that thy will b subjected to more requirements in school or additional interventions that would enable them to reach the desired improvement of scores as well as being pressured to make that mark. The long-term effect is that when they fail to reach AYP and cause the school to lose out on the AYP race, then they will be blamed for it and probably will be faced with angry members of the community. When schools still fail to make the mark and is identified as needs improvement and probably would be given less funding the more the low-income and racial groups become more disadvantaged, instead of closing the academic achievement gap, the NCLB does not even consider what academic achievement is. I think that NCLB was born out of the sincere desire to make sure that our students have the same level of academic proficiency even for math and English only. Whoever drafted the bill however did not have a clear understanding of achievement, intelligence and environmental factors that are part and parcel of learning and education. It is also funny to think that as diverse a population as we have we want to be pitted against a single score when what is more important than the grade or score is actual learning and the evidence of improvement across the years. Thus, as a law that seeks to close the achievement gap between groups of students, the NCLB divides and places the minority groups in a more difficult situation and at a more disadvantaged position.   

The Mind Body Problem And Substance Dualism - 869 Words

What is the mind-body problem? The mind-body problem asks the question, are the mind and body separate substances of elements of the same substance? In this paper I wish to propose, and try to provide support for Descartes notion of the immaterial mind, by critically discussing the view of substance dualism, pertaining to the relationship between the mind and body. The two arguments of which I will provide in this paper to support this view are divisibility and disembodied existence. There are two fundamentally different substances in this universe, physical and mental properties, this paper will explore both of these substances (8). The first supporting argument which I will present to support substance dualism is Divisibility. In earlier writings, Descartes divides the objects of our perception into two main classifications: mental substances pertaining to the mind and physical substances pertaining to the body (Alanen, L., 1996). Any substance with mental properties has an absence of physical properties and any substance with physical properties has an absence of mental properties (Rodriguez Pereyra, G., 2008). As Descartes defines the mind and body, as clearly and distinctly separate entities with mental and physical properties, only when considered separately from each other. But then they cannot without irrationality also be considered as united, for this would be to consider them at the same time as two different and one single substance, which, as Descartes admits,Show MoreRelatedThe Concept of Dualism Essay1013 Words   |  5 Pagesmachinequot; form of substance dualism best solves the mind body problem. My views in this area have been influenced by my twelve years of Catholic education. The soul, or mind, depending on your level of belief, was a complete and separate entity and was the center of a human being. The body was an ambulatory device that the soul directed. The idea that the mind is a separate entity and that it is independent of the physical body is the central point of substance dualism. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Read MoreIs The Mind Body Problem?1219 Words   |  5 Pagesof their main issues faced in philosophy is the mind-body problem, and philosophers are still trying to solve this predicament to this day. The mind-brain problem is trying better to understand whether a person’s mental processes are the same as their physical processes. As of today, philosophy has broken the problem into two fundamental parts that has been split down into separate subparts. Personally, I find it easier to believe in substance dualism, because of how I perceive the idea. This howeverRead MoreWhat are the strengths and weaknesses of dualism and monism?1569 Words   |  7 PagesDualism and monism is a famous philosophy topic from ancient to now. The word Dualism means that our physical and our mental are independent. 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Cartesian dualism argues that there is a two-way interaction between mental and physical substances. Renee Descartes, the creator of the theory, believed that a man consisted of matter, the physical things that walk and talk etc., and mind, the nonphysical substance (often correlated with the soul) that thinksRead MoreGraham On The Mind Body Problem1502 Words   |  7 PagesClines PHIL 290-16 April 15, 2015 Paper 2: Graham on the Mind-Body Problem The Mind/Body Problem: Dualism, Physicalism, or Both? In â€Å"The Disordered Mind†, author George Graham claims the mind/body problem to be one of the most famous problems in the history of philosophy. The mind/body problem is â€Å"the question of the place of consciousness and intentionality or of the mind in the physical world† (Graham 76). In other words, are the brain and mind two separate entities, or are they one physical entityRead MoreI, Myself, And My Body1222 Words   |  5 Pagesand My Body The mind is about mental processes and thought, while the body is the physical aspects of the brain. For years, philosophers have been perplexed by the mind-body problem. The mind is about mental processes and thought, while the body is the physical aspects of the brain. The mind-body problem discusses the mind and body, along with the relationship between them. Dualists and monists are the two types of people that take a stand on the issue. While Dualism may spilt mind and body, monismRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Matter1179 Words   |  5 Pageshuman matter is normally referred to as the body. However, unlike other nonconscious objects made of matter, humans have a somewhat unique ability to create abstract opinions and thoughts. At this time we are the only species to have the ability formulate explanations for our own existence. Essentially stating that, we humans have minds . The two general aspects that make up the thing we call human are thought to be a mind and body. The br ain and the mind are often mistakenly identified as one inRead MoreArgument of Dualism1036 Words   |  5 PagesArguments of Dualism Dualism is the theory that mind and matter are two distinct things. The main argument for dualism is that facts about the objective external world of particles and fields of force, as revealed by modern physical science, are not facts about how things appear from any particular point of view, whereas facts about subjective experience are precisely about how things are from the point of view of individual conscious subjects. They have to be described in the first person as